৪৬তম বিসিএস ২০২৩ — ইংরেজী — 003 (WRITTEN)

৪৬তম বিসিএস ২০২৩ — ইংরেজী — 003 (WRITTEN): 10টি প্রশ্ন।

• সব প্রশ্নপত্র

1. PART A

   
   Read the text below and answer the questions that follow:
   When scientists, health care providers, entrepreneurs and other business and management talent consistently leave the country of birth for opportunities abroad, it creates persistent drag on the home country's economy and blights its growth. This phenomenon is popularly known as brain drain, a coinage of the British Royal Society in response to the emigration of scientists from the United Kingdom to the United States and Canada in the 1950s and to 60s.
   Brain drain affects the home country and the companies within it in numerous and interconnected ways, making cause and effect difficult to disentangle. With a depleted entrepreneurial class, who is there to develop goods and services, create jobs and drive economic growth? The departure of physicians and nurses stresses the health care system and compromises public health. Scientists and technologists leave, taking with them not only the knowledge and skills they may have obtained at the states expense but also their capacity to drive the innovation that fuels economic development and international prestige.
   Companies in places with high emigration rates also face significant challenges that stifle innovation and hinder execution on strategy. Among them, there are a more limited talent pool from which to hire and promote, and higher turnover among the ranks as employees seek opportunities outside the home country-employees that the business has spent time and money developing. An exodus of business and management talent deprive the home countries companies and especially start-up of the skills and savvy needed to grow and flourish.
   One of the challenges in emerging economies—countries often spend scarce resources educating doctors, engineers and scientists in the hope that they will build growth at home, only to watch in dismay as they migrate to the West.
   This is turn becomes a vicious circle : home countries need talent to create opportunity, but without opportunity, talent gravitates to the bigger cities and better jobs elsewhere in the world.
   Brain drain has long vexed the policymakers. Investments in education are seemingly squandered when the educated depart for greener pastures. But dialing down investment in education will not help grow the opportunity at home that would lure the best and brightest to remain.
   Of course, remittances from emigrees mitigate some of the economic toll for instance, a study cited in The Economist found that Ghanaian emigrants sent home enough money over their working lives abroad to cover the cost of their education several times over.
   And there are softer benefits of emigration. For example, they help build a country's prestige. Some 40 percent of graduates of India's elite engineering schools migrate to silicon valley. There they have furnished the country's image and fueled investments in it.
   Still, brain drain is an issue countries and companies need to tackle, to turn a vicious circle into a virtuous one. Even though brain drain affects developed countries such as New Zealand, where nearly a quarter of college graduate emigrate, brain drain has a greater impact on development countries. Hence, the need to reverse it is stronger and more urgent.
   So what can countries and companies that see their best and brightest leave do in response, what can they do to reverse the brain drain?
   The first imperative for policymaker is to create opportunity and a critical mass of the educated and entrepreneurial. Taiwan's example is particularly instructive. Aided by a growing economy, Taiwan has been able to stem flight of its top talent. The country forged business friendly policies that encouraged entrepreneurs to stay and emigrants to return. It founded the Hinschu science-based Industrial Park in 1980, with the goal of replicating the density of talent found in Silicon Valley and other hotbeds of technological innovation.1. Answer the following questions in your own words without copying any sentence from the passage. Copying from text above may affect the evaluation. \(3\times10=30\)
2. 10. Translate the following into Bangla : Ethical dilemmas in banks have been magnified throughout the world by banking distress. However the predicaments in banking sector in Bangladesh are out of the ordinary in two ways. Firstly, banking distress in Bangladesh is unusually protracted. It has been causing unceasing hemorrhage to economy for about two decades. This has nurtured a culture of default and pervasive indiscipline. Secondly, weakness of Bangladesh banks are compounded by governance deficits in the country as a whole. The promulgation and enforcement of new banking regulation is necessary but not sufficient to ensure the soundness of banks for three reasons. First, a review of banking regulations suggests that there is always a long lag between new realities and new rules to face them. Secondly, regulations tend to promote a false sense of propitiousness in banks. Finally, Plato rightly argued that good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly while bad people will always find a way around law. So, there must be continuous weeding of bad people from banking sector to ensure its integrity. \(25\)
3. 2. Write the contextual meaning of the following words in English (the words are underlined in the text): \(1\times5=5\)
4. 3. Mark the following sentences as true or false according to the text: \(1\times10=10\)
5. 4. Change the following words as directed and make sentences with the changed words. \(2\times5=10\)
6. 5. Give an antonym for each of the following words: \(1\times5=5\)
7. 6. Write briefly the main idea of the above text. Add your comments. Give a suitable title to it. (all within 100 words) \(10+7+3=20\)
8. 7. Write a feature for the post editorial page of an English Daily suggesting strategies to prevent and reverse brain drain with a forwarding note to its editor. \(20\)

9. PART B

   8. Write 2 (two) essays, each written in 500 words, on any two of the following topics: a. Quality Education for Sustainable Development b. Climate change c. Risks in the readymade garments entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. d. Blue Economy in Bangladesh : Prospects and Challenges. \(25+25=50\)
10. 9. Translate in following passage into English : ‘জীবন গড়া’ প্রত্যয়টি আপেক্ষিক। জীবন গড়ার দৃষ্টিভঙ্গিটি বহুমাত্রিক। জীবন দৃষ্টি অবশ্যই ব্যক্তিক। এ ব্যক্তিক দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি সমষ্টির তরে নিবেদিত হবে নাকি ‘আপনারে লয়ে বিব্রত রহিবে’ তা নির্ভর করে ব্যক্তির সামাজিকীকরণ প্রক্রিয়ার ওপর। মানুষ পরিবারকে অস্বীকার করতে পারে না। পরিবেশে অগ্রাহ্য করতে পারে না। প্রতিবেশীকে অবজ্ঞা করতে পারে না। এসবের মধ্যে দিয়ে সে যদি শেখে ‘লেখাপড়া করে যারা গাড়িঘোড়ে চড়ে তারা’ তাহলে সে জীবনে সফল হতে পারে। আর যদি সে জানে ‘জীবন জীবনের জন্য’, ‘মানুষ মানুষের জন্য’ তা হলে সে ত্যাগী আদর্শবাদী হয়ে উঠতে পারে। \(25\)